February is National Cancer Prevention Month, an important reminder that while we cannot eliminate cancer risk entirely, we can dramatically improve outcomes through prevention and early detection. Many cancers develop quietly, without pain or noticeable symptoms in their earliest stages. By the time symptoms appear, disease may already be advanced. Preventative screenings allow us to detect cancer before symptoms begin or identify precancerous changes that can be treated before they become life threatening.
At Horizon Family Medical Group, we emphasize proactive care. Screening is not about assuming something is wrong. It is about protecting your future health.
When cancer is detected early, treatment is often less aggressive and far more successful. For example, early-stage colorectal cancer has a survival rate above 90 percent. Breast cancer found in its earliest stage is highly treatable. The difference between early detection and delayed diagnosis can be life changing.
Screening recommendations are based on age, overall health, family history, and personal risk factors. For women, breast cancer screening with mammography generally begins between ages 40 and 45. Women ages 45 to 54 are typically advised to have annual mammograms, while those 55 and older may transition to screening every one to two years depending on personal risk and preference. Women with a strong family history or known genetic risk may need earlier or additional imaging.
Cervical cancer screening begins at age 21 with Pap testing every three years. Between ages 30 and 65, screening may include a Pap test every three years, HPV testing every five years, or combined testing every five years. Cervical cancer is one of the most preventable cancers when screening is done consistently.
Colorectal cancer screening now begins at age 45 for adults at average risk. Colonoscopy remains the gold standard and is typically performed every ten years, if results are normal. Other screening options include stool-based tests performed annually or every few years depending on the type. Colonoscopy has the added benefit of removing precancerous polyps before they can develop into cancer.
Prostate cancer screening involves discussion rather than a one-size-fits-all recommendation. Men between ages 50 and 69 should talk with their provider about PSA blood testing. Men at higher risk, including those with a family history or African American men, may begin discussions earlier, around age 45.
For individuals with a significant smoking history, annual low-dose CT screening for lung cancer may be recommended between ages 50 and 80 if they currently smoke or have quit within the past 15 years. Lung cancer screening has been shown to reduce mortality in high-risk individuals.
Skin cancer screening is also important, particularly for those with fair skin, frequent sun exposure, or a family history of melanoma. An annual skin exam and regular self-checks at home can help detect concerning changes early.
Screening is only one piece of prevention. Lifestyle plays a critical role. Avoiding tobacco, maintaining a healthy weight, exercising regularly, limiting alcohol intake, and eating a diet rich in fruits and vegetables all reduce cancer risk. Vaccinations such as HPV and hepatitis B also offer protection against specific cancers.
If you experience persistent symptoms such as unexplained weight loss, unusual bleeding, changes in bowel habits, chronic cough, or new lumps, do not wait for your annual exam. Prompt evaluation matters.
National Cancer Prevention Month is a reminder that prevention is powerful. If you are unsure which screenings you need or whether you are overdue, Horizon Family Medical Group can help create a personalized prevention plan tailored to your health history and risk factors. Early detection saves lives, and taking action today can make all the difference.